Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical health among children: difference-in-differences analyses of nationwide school health checkup database (preprint)

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed tremendous challenges for children, requiring them to adapt to changes in social environments. However, the long-term effects of the pandemic on various aspects of physical health at a national level remain unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from nationwide health checkup records among children aged 7–15 years. The dataset comprised 3,544,146 records from 393,794 individuals who graduated from junior high school during fiscal years 2007 to 2022. Difference-indifferences (DID) analyses with multiple time periods were used to examine the impact of COVID-19 on physical health outcomes. Results: Compared with the pre-pandemic period, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with excess increases in obesity for boys and girls, persisting over the 3 years (DID estimate, +0.42%; 95%CI, 0.23 to 0.61). Also, it was associated with excess increases in underweight (DID estimate, +0.28%; 95%CI, 0.25 to 0.32) and poor visual acuity among boys in the 3 rd year (DID estimate, +1.80%; 95%CI, 1.30 to 2.30]). There were excess reductions in dental caries (DID estimate,-1.48%; 95%CI,-2.01 to-0.95]), glucosuria (DID estimate,-0.55; 95%CI,-0.88 to-0.23), and hematuria (DID estimate,-0.43%; 95%CI,-0.73 to-0.13]) during the 3 rd year of the pandemic. Conclusions: These findings underscore the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on various health indicators for school-aged children. This information could be valuable for public health policy and pediatric healthcare planning in the post-pandemic era. 

Comparison of renal cell cancer surgery during Covid-19 pandemic with prepandemic period, Turkey multicenter study (preprint)

Aim: COVID-19 pandemic changed the priorities in medical field. Many elective surgeries for renal cell cancers (RCC) have been postponed. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical treatment of RCC in Turkey. Methods 457 patients that underwent surgery for kidney tumor in the 2-year period between March 1, 2019 and February 28, 2021 in 9 centers in Turkey were analyzed retrospectively. Results The number of surgical treatments for RCC during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased significantly compared to the same period before COVID-19. No significant differences were found between the two periods in terms of admission symptoms (p=0.32). However, while the rate of application due to hematuria was 6.1% in the pre-COVID-19 period, it was 13.1% during the COVID-19 period. Despite not being significant, this difference was still proportional. Two study periods differed significantly in terms of the rate of metastatic RCC detected in preoperative imaging (13.1% vs 6.1%, during COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19, respectively) (p=0.01). Moreover, the study periods differed significantly in terms of time between imaging and operation (55.98±51.02 vs 40.30±34.9 days, during COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19, respectively) (p=0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two periods in terms of tumor size, type of surgery, and pathological stage (p>0.05). Conclusion There was a significant decrease in the number of RCC-related surgeries over 1-year period during the pandemic. However, the rate of surgery for metastatic disease increased. Covid-19 is a pandemic that continues to affect the whole world. Oncological diseases are negative affected in this process in terms of early diagnosis and treatment.

Kidney involvement in children during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant pandemic (preprint)

Background As the COVID-19 pandemic persists with the Omicron variants, infection rates in children have rapidly increased compared to previous years. We aimed to investigate the presentation of kidney involvement in children after COVID-19 Omicron variant infection.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients who presented with kidney involvement between January and August 2022 with a temporal relationship with COVID-19 infection from a Korean single tertiary center.Results Fifteen children presented with kidney involvement after Omicron infection, with a median age of 10.6 (6.8–18.3) years. Aside from fever, cough, sore throat, and diarrhea, none of the patients had severe respiratory symptoms. The median time from infection to renal symptom onset was 3 (0–49) days. Among 10 patients with underlying kidney disease, 6 had previously been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome (NS) that relapsed after COVID-19 infection, 2 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) showed transient gross hematuria (GHU) with or without acute kidney injury (AKI), and 2 with kidney transplantation presented with AKI. Of the 5 patients without underlying kidney disease, one patient had NS, and the other 4 patients had GHU and proteinuria (PU), of whom one was eventually diagnosed with Henoch-Shönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Seven NS patients (1 new-onset, 6 relapsed) showed uneventful remission with corticosteroids. Other than one patient with new-onset HSPN, patients with GHU and PU resolved spontaneously, and patients with AKI also resolved with supportive care.Conclusions Kidney involvement can occur in various, but mostly non-fatal manifestations in children after COVID-19 Omicron variant infection.

The Investigation of Kidney Involvement in 430 Hospitalized Patients with Omicron COVID-19 in Tianjin, China.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of kidney involvement in patients with the Omicron variant infection in the post-acute treatment phase in Tianjin, China. METHODS: Data were collected from 430 patients with Omicron variant infection in Tianjin, China. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory blood tests, urinalysis, vaccination status, and COVID-19 clinical classification were assessed. Patients were grouped based on kidney involvement, and associated risk factors of kidney involvement were also investigated. RESULTS: Asymptomatic, mild, ordinary, and severe patients with Omicron COVID-19 variant comprised 1.5%, 49.1%, 48.9%, and 0.5% of the sample population, respectively, without critical illness or death. The incidences of hematuria, proteinuria, and concurrent hematuria and proteinuria were 14.7%, 14.2%, and 5.1%, respectively. Patients with and without kidney involvement differed in age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Age, hypertension, higher CRP levels, and higher BMI were linked with kidney involvement. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients suffered from mild or ordinary symptoms of Omicron COVID-19 infection. The primary kidney involvement was hematuria and proteinuria. Proteinuria was significantly associated with Omicron variant infection, and patients with hypertensive comorbidity, higher CRP, and higher creatinine levels were at increased risk of proteinuria after Omicron variant infection.

Gross hematuria and IgA nephropathy flare-up following the first dose of Moderna vaccine: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Since the mass vaccination for COVID-19, several case reports indicated the risk of autoimmune disease flare-ups after the vaccination. Among them, COVID-19 vaccine-induced glomerular diseases have drawn attention worldwide. The cases demonstrating the association between the mRNA vaccine and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exacerbation had been noticed. Mostly mentioned, the flare-ups usually occurred after the second dose. METHODS: We present a Taiwanese female with IgAN who developed gross hematuria within only six hours after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine. RESULTS: Six hours after the first dose of Moderna vaccine on 8 June 2021, the patient developed gross hematuria and significantly decreased urine output. All symptoms resolved spontaneously on the fifth day after the vaccination without any intervention. On the fourth day after the vaccination, the patient were able to back to her original condition. CONCLUSION: This was an intriguing case of IgAN flare-up following the first dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.

Sibling cases of gross hematuria and newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has become a major part of the strategy to reduce Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) numbers worldwide. To date, vaccinations based on several mechanisms have been used clinically, although relapse of existent glomerulonephritis presenting as gross hematuria, and occurrence of de novo glomerulonephritis have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the first sibling cases newly diagnosed as immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 15- and 18-year-old men presented with gross hematuria following the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2) received on the same day. Pathological findings of each kidney biopsy specimen were consistent with IgA nephropathy. Gross hematuria in both cases spontaneously recovered within several days. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might trigger de novo IgA nephropathy or stimulate its relapse, and also highlight the necessity of understanding the immunological responses to the novel mRNA vaccines in patients with kidney diseases.

Atypical Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Nephritis Occurring After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report (preprint)

Background Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease, seronegative anti-GBM disease, is a variant where serum anti-GBM antibodies can not be identified in circulation although GBM is stained by Ig-G on an immunofluorescence microscope. We present a 19-year-old male patient who was previously healthy and developed the atypical anti-GBM disease after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case presentation The patient, who started to complain of hematuria and hemoptysis on the 3rd day of the negativity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection test, was referred to the hospital on the 15th day. The SerumAnti-GBM antibody of the patient who did not need hemodialysis was negative. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was diagnosed in the kidney biopsy of the patient, and corticosteroid therapy was given. However, when the patient's complaints of hematuria and hemoptysis continued, a rebiopsy was performed. A diagnosis of atypical anti-GBM was made after linear IgG staining was detected in the glomerular basement membrane in the pathology of the patient whose serum anti-GBM antibodies were negative. Cyclophosphamide was given to the patient who was under corticosteroid treatment. Conclusion Although the classical anti-GBM disease is known to occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to our knowledge, this case is the first case of atypical anti-GBM disease developed after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prevalence of renal involvement among pediatric patients hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter study. / Prevalencia de compromiso renal en pacientes pediátricos internados con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019: estudio multicéntrico.

INTRODUCTION: Renal involvement among pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges between 1.2% and 44%. Given the limited information available locally, the primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of renal involvement in our setting. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 13 Argentine sites between March and December 2020. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized due to COVID-19 and with at least one measurement of serum creatinine and/or a urinalysis were included. Those with a known kidney disease were excluded. Renal involvement was defined as the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia and/or arterial hypertension (HTN). RESULTS: Among 528 eligible medical records, 423 patients were included (55.0% were males; median age: 5.3 years). The clinical presentation was asymptomatic in 31%; mild, in 39.7%; moderate, in 23.9%; severe, in 1.2%; critical, in 0.7%; and 3.5% had multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Two patients (0.47%) died. The prevalence of renal involvement was 10.8% (95% confidence interval: 8.2-14.2); it was described as leukocyturia (16.9%), proteinuria (16.0%), hematuria (13.2%), HTN (3.7%), and AKI (2.3%). No patient required dialysis. Renal involvement was associated with severe forms of disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of renal involvement among pediatric patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in 13 Argentine sites was 10.8%; severe forms of disease prevailed.

Introducción. El compromiso renal (CR) en niños internados con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) varía entre el 1,2 % y el 44 %. Dado que existe limitada información local, el objetivo primario de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de CR en nuestro medio. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 13 centros de Argentina entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes internados con COVID-19, de 1 mes a 18 años y que tuvieran al menos una determinación de creatinina sérica y/o de orina completa. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad renal conocida. Se consideró CR la presencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA), proteinuria, hematuria, leucocituria y/o hipertensión arterial (HTA). Resultados. De 528 historias clínicas elegibles, se incluyeron las de 423 pacientes (el 55,0 % de sexo masculino, mediana de edad 5,3 años). El cuadro clínico fue asintomático en el 31 %, leve en el 39,7 %, moderado en el 23,9 %, grave en el 1,2 %, crítico en el 0,7 %, y el 3,5 % presentó síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico (SIMP). Dos pacientes (0,47 %) fallecieron. La prevalencia de CR fue del 10,8 % (intervalo de confianza 95% 8,2-14,2), expresada por leucocituria (16,9 %), proteinuria (16,0 %), hematuria (13,2 %), HTA (3,7 %) y LRA (2,3 %). Ninguno requirió diálisis. Presentar CR se asoció (p <0,0001) con formas graves de enfermedad. Conclusión. La prevalencia de CR en pacientes pediátricos internados con COVID-19 en 13 centros de nuestro país fue del 10,8 % y predominó en las formas clínicas graves.

Renal vein thrombosis after COVID-19, A case report Dr. Vida Shirzadeh (Corresponding Author); Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Emam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil, Iran Email: vidashsh95@gmail.com (preprint)

COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Non-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 include venous and arterial thrombosis. The disease can affect kidneys and lead to renal vein thrombosis leading to symptoms such as flank pain, hematuria, or acute kidney damage.

New-onset crescent IgA nephropathy following the CoronaVac vaccine: A case report.

RATIONALE: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global threat, administering effective and safe vaccines is currently the most promising strategy to curb the ongoing pandemic and decrease the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. However, there remains some uncertainty regarding the safety of vaccines for patients with kidney disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 58-year-old man presented at our institution with gross hematuria 48 hours after receiving his first dose of the CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. DIAGNOSES: Analysis of a renal biopsy sample led to the diagnosis of crescentic immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), which we considered an adverse event of receiving the CoronaVac vaccine in China. INTERVENTIONS: The patient's serum creatinine and albumin levels were 1.20 mg/dL and 31.3 g/L, respectively; as such, he was administered a diuretic. His serum creatinine level had risen to 7.45 mg/dL 1 month later, and he developed high blood pressure. The patient then received conventional doses of hormone therapy but developed recurrent fever, which led to the suspicion of active tuberculosis (which he had a history of) and suspension of the hormone therapy. OUTCOMES: The patient's renal function deteriorated further, and he ultimately underwent dialysis. LESSONS: The patient's course of events of apparent IgAN exacerbation should prompt nephrologists to closely follow patients with glomerular disease after they receive a COVID-19 vaccine, especially if persistent gross hematuria occurs.

An adolescent girl diagnosed with IgA nephropathy following the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

There has been growing interest in reported cases of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) flare-up following administration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Our patient is a previously healthy 17-year-old girl who presented with a 10-year history of microscopic hematuria. Because there were no abnormal findings in blood examination or ultrasonography, we followed her up twice per year as asymptomatic hematuria. Although she never developed gross hematuria when she had upper respiratory infections or received an influenza vaccine, she presented with gross hematuria and proteinuria within a few days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine. We performed renal biopsy 2 weeks after the first vaccination. It revealed minor glomerular abnormalities with diffuse mesangial IgA deposits, and we diagnosed her with mild IgAN. Gross hematuria was detected after both the first and second doses, although it changed to microscopic hematuria within 1 week. Additionally, her proteinuria resolved spontaneously approximately 10 days after the second dose of the vaccine. Therefore, we opted to observe her without administering medication. The causation between COVID-19 vaccination and IgAN flare-up remains unclear. Several reports showed IgAN patients presenting gross hematuria following the second dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. However, our patient developed gross hematuria and proteinuria even after the first dose and without known severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Nephrologists should inform both patients with IgAN and those with asymptomatic hematuria that this side effect can occur even after the first vaccination.

Gross hematuria can be an impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination on immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is typically accelerated by upper respiratory tract infections and can relapse following vaccination. There have been reports of patients who presented with immunoglobulin A nephropathy flares with or without gross hematuria following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. However, this relationship remains to be elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we present the case of a patient with newly diagnosed immunoglobulin A nephropathy who presented with gross hematuria following the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. A 21-year-old Japanese woman presented with fever and new-onset gross hematuria 1 day after receiving the second dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (Pfizer). She had microhematuria without proteinuria for 2 years at the time of her medical check-up. Gross hematuria resolved 6 days after the second dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine; however, microhematuria (> 100 per high-power field) and mild proteinuria were observed. She was admitted to our hospital 4 weeks after the second vaccination because of persistent urinary abnormalities. She was well before the vaccination and did not have any pulmonary involvement on chest radiography or any symptoms suggestive of coronavirus disease 2019. Renal biopsy revealed an immunoglobulin A nephropathy. The Oxford MEST-C score was M0E0S0T0C0. Our patient's urinary abnormalities implied exacerbation of immunoglobulin A nephropathy after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: In our case, gross hematuria served as a trigger for immunoglobulin A nephropathy diagnosis, suggesting that nephrologists should pay close attention to gross hematuria and urinalysis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination.

Can We Predict a Higher Risk of Urothelial Bladder Cancer With a Simple Blood Test?

BACKGROUND/AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to develop tools prioritizing high risk patients for urgent evaluation. Our objective was to determine whether Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), an inflammation-based score, can predict higher grade and stage urothelial bladder cancer in patients with gross hematuria who need urgent evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed a database of 129 consecutive patients presenting with gross hematuria. GPS was calculated using pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels. Patients with bacteriuria or other known malignancies were excluded. The relationship between GPS and final diagnosis was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were included in the study and 24 patients were identified without any pathology and 77 with a bladder tumor. Pathology demonstrated 21 with muscle invasive, 18 with high grade non-muscle invasive, and 38 with low grade superficial bladder cancer. Twenty-six of 39 (67%) patients with high grade tumors had a GPS of 1 or 2 compared to only 8 out of 62 (13%) patients with either low grade or negative findings (p<0.0001). Ten of 21 (48%) patients with muscle invasive disease had a GPS of 2 compared to 1 out of 18 (6%) with high grade non muscle invasive tumors (p=0.04). On multivariate analysis, GPS was a strong independent predictor of high grade and stage bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: GPS may serve as a highly accessible predictor of high grade, high stage, and large urothelial bladder tumors at the time of initial evaluation and can help identify patients who need urgent evaluation.

A Case of Exacerbation of Haloperidol-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Following the Onset of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which intracellular components are released into the blood and urine. Rhabdomyolysis can be caused by drug-related complications and COVID-19; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we report a case of rhabdomyolysis complicated by COVID-19, in which we presumed that the cause of rhabdomyolysis was related to prior administration of haloperidol by assessment of the drug history and progression of myopathy. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old man with schizophrenia experienced worsening insomnia 10 days before admission. Thus, haloperidol was increased from 1.5 mg to 3 mg once daily, and 2 to 3 days later, he developed hand tremors and weakness. One day prior to admission, the patient suddenly developed severe back pain. Based on the examination, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated with rhabdomyolysis. Laboratory findings on admission were as follows: creatine phosphokinase: 41 539 IU/L; urinary myoglobin, 190×10³ ng/mL; and hematuria scale, grade 4. On day 1, he was started on saline infusion; therefore, haloperidol was discontinued. On day 2, the hematuria resolved. On day 5, the tremor, weakness, and back pain had resolved. On day 7, his creatine kinase level was 242 IU/L, and saline was administered. CONCLUSIONS It has been suggested that the onset of COVID-19 can exacerbate haloperidol-induced rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, if there is a complication of rhabdomyolysis and COVID-19, it is important to review the drug history, specifically that of haloperidol. We recommend hydration and discontinuation of haloperidol to avoid acute kidney injury, in addition to treating COVID-19.

Microscopic Polyangiitis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most widespread viral infections in human history. As a breakthrough against infection, vaccines have been developed to achieve herd immunity. Here, we report the first case of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) following BNT162b2 vaccination in Korea. A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room with general weakness, dyspnea, and edema after the second BNT162b2 vaccination. He had no medical history other than being treated for tuberculosis last year. Although his renal function was normal at last year, acute kidney injury was confirmed at the time of admission to the emergency room. His serum creatinine was 3.05 mg/dL. Routine urinalysis revealed proteinuria (3+) and hematuria. When additional tests were performed for suspected glomerulonephritis, the elevation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody (38.6 IU/mL) was confirmed. Renal biopsy confirmed pauci-immune anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related glomerulonephritis and MPA was diagnosed finally. As an induction therapy, a combination of glucocorticoid and rituximab was administered, and plasmapheresis was performed twice. He was discharged after the induction therapy and admitted to the outpatient clinic 34 days after induction therapy. During outpatient examination, his renal function had improved with serum creatinine 1.51 mg/dL. We suggest that MPA needs to be considered if patients have acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hematuria after vaccination.

IgA Nephropathy with Gross Hematuria Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

A 28-year-old woman experienced gross hematuria after the administration of the second dose of an messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine (BNT162b2). She was diagnosed with Immunogloblin A nephropathy (IgAN) by a renal biopsy two weeks after vaccination, which revealed a mild increase in mesangial cells and a matrix with co-depositions of galactose-deficient IgA1 and C3 in the mesangial region. The gross hematuria and proteinuria gradually improved without any medication, suggesting that immune activation by the mRNA vaccine may not elicit continuous disease progression of IgAN. Thus, further studies investigating the relationship between mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and the progression of IgAN should be conducted.

Renal manifestations of Covid-19 and its association with severity of disease in a tertiary care hospital of south India- A retrospective study.

Renal involvement in patients with COVID-19 ranges from proteinuria and hematuria to acute kidney injury (AKI). The occurrence of AKI range from 0.5% to 80% across various studies. Our study was conducted to know the renal manifestations of COVID-19 in south Indian population and its association with severity. MATERIAL: The study assessed COVID-19 positive adult patients admitted from 1/9/2020 to 31/10/2020. Data was collected by accessing electronic medical records of patients. Proteinuria and hematuria were assessed by urine dipstick. Lab data including S. Creatinine at admission was accessed. S. Creatinine at a mean duration of 7±2, 14±4 days during hospitalization and on follow-up at a mean duration of 45 days after discharge was also captured. OBSERVATION: A total of 1561 patients admitted during the study period were screened. After the exclusion criteria, 426 patients admitted with COVID-19 infection were enrolled. The occurrence of AKI was 14.8%. Proteinuria was positive in 75 patients (17.6%) hematuria in 39 patients (9.15 %). Patients with AKI, proteinuria and/or hematuria were more likely to have severe COVID-19 illness. 47.5% patients with AKI, 45.9 % with proteinuria and 34.4 % with hematuria had severe COVID-19 illness. The recovery of AKI at a mean duration of 45±15 days post discharge was 83.63 %. CONCLUSION: Renal involvement is not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 infection especially in patients with severe illness. Presence of AKI, proteinuria and/or hematuria is associated with increased mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.